1 Pfennig - Ferdinand III Graz

Ferdinand III inherited a treasury gutted by the Thirty Years' War and faced the near-impossible task of maintaining coinage across fragmented Habsburg mints while armies consumed every available metal reserve. The Graz mint, operating under Styrian authority, produced these small billon pieces during the war's final grinding years — the same period Ferdinand was negotiating what would become the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Billon rather than copper signals just how debased the minor coinage had become by this point.