1 Pfennig - Ferdinand I Habsburg occupation

Ferdinand I seized Württemberg in 1519 after Duke Ulrich was expelled by the Swabian League, and the duchy remained under Habsburg administration until Ulrich reclaimed it by force in 1534 with Hessian and French backing. These pfennigs were struck throughout that fifteen-year occupation as Ferdinand consolidated Austrian control over southwestern Germany — a strategic buffer against both French incursion and Protestant unrest spreading from Saxony.

The billon alloy at roughly 46% silver places this well below earlier pfennig standards, reflecting ongoing debasement pressure across the region during the 1520s.