1 Pfennig - Ernest Frederick III

Historical Context: The 1759 1 Pfennig was issued by Ernest Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1745-1780), during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). This tumultuous period placed significant economic strain on small German states within the Holy Roman Empire. The issuance of this low-denomination copper coinage was crucial for daily commerce, reflecting the fiscal realities and the need for stable currency amidst widespread conflict and political upheaval. This coin serves as a tangible link to the economic life of a minor principality during a major European war.

Artistry: The engraver for such utilitarian copper issues is typically unrecorded, reflecting its function as everyday currency. The design adheres to the simplified late Baroque and early Rococo styles common in mid-18th century German base metal coinage. The obverse likely features the crowned ducal monogram of Ernest Frederick III (EFIII) or a basic legend identifying the ruler. The reverse would display the denomination "1 PFENNIG" and the date "1759," often within a simple cartouche or wreath, prioritizing clear legibility over elaborate detail.

Technical/Grading: Struck on a 1.2-gram, 20-millimeter copper planchet, this coin often exhibits variable strike quality. High-points prone to wear typically include the ducal crown's raised elements, the central flourishes of the monogram, and the outer edges of lettering. Inconsistent planchet preparation and die pressure frequently led to weak strikes, especially at the periphery. Due to its composition and extensive circulation, examples commonly show environmental damage like corrosion, pitting, or planchet flaws, impacting overall preservation and detail.