1 Pfennig - Engelbert I of Isenberg

Engelbert I served as Bishop of Osnabrück from 1239 to 1250, a period when the Bishopric operated as a significant territorial power in the Westphalian region, with bishops exercising both ecclesiastical and secular coining authority. The Pfennig was the dominant denomination in northern German commerce at this time, and episcopal mints like Osnabrück issued bracteates and thin-flan denars that circulated alongside competing issues from nearby secular lords.

Kennepohl's catalog of Osnabrück coinage remains the standard reference for this series. The relatively low die-cutting standards common to mid-13th century northern German ecclesiastical issues mean specimens frequently show off-center strikes.