1 Pfennig - Berthold von Aquileia

Berthold of Andechs-Meran held the Patriarchate of Aquileia from 1218 until his death in 1251, navigating the perpetual friction between imperial and papal loyalties that defined northern Italian ecclesiastical politics in the Hohenstaufen period. His tenure coincided with Frederick II's prolonged struggles with the papacy, and Aquileia's position astride the Alpine passes into the Hungarian and German lands gave its patriarch an outsized political role relative to most Italian sees.

The pfennig coinage of Aquileia belongs to the broader Friesacher tradition that dominated alpine silver circulation in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries — a monetary network centered on Friesach in Carinthia but quickly franchised across episcopal and secular mints throughout the region.