1 Pfennig - Berthold of Pietengau and Otto of Lonsdorf

Passau sat at the confluence of the Danube, Inn, and Ilz rivers, making it one of the most commercially active episcopal territories in the Holy Roman Empire. Bishops of Passau held the right of coinage as a tool of economic control over that traffic, not merely as a mark of prestige. The joint attribution to Berthold of Pietengau and Otto of Lonsdorf reflects a brief administrative overlap during the episcopate transition of the early 1250s — a period when rival claims to the see created documentary confusion that carries through into the numismatic record.