1 Pfennig - Bernhard von Spanheim

Bernhard von Spanheim ruled Carinthia for over five decades — one of the longest ducal reigns of the medieval German principalities — during which the Spanheim dynasty reached its territorial peak before its eventual extinction in the male line. These small bracteate-style pfennigs were the workhorse currency of alpine trade routes connecting the Adriatic hinterland to the northern silver-mining regions of the Erzgebirge. The CNA reference places this squarely within the Kärnten regional coinage framework established by Castelin's corpus.