1 Pfennig - Bernhard von Spanheim

Bernhard von Spanheim ruled Carinthia for over five decades, an unusually long tenure that allowed his mint to produce coins with remarkable consistency relative to other fragmented German territorial coinages of the period. The Spanheim dynasty had held Carinthia since 1122, and Bernhard — the last of the line to rule the duchy — spent much of his reign navigating the competing pressures of the Babenbergs to the north and the patriarchate of Aquileia to the south. His coinage reflects a mint operating under stable, if politically contested, conditions.

On Bernhard's death in 1256, the duchy passed through inheritance disputes before eventually falling to the Habsburgs in 1335.