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1 Pfennig - Bernd von der Borch Riga

Issuer Livonian Order
Year 1471-1483
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Orientation Variable alignment ↺
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Obverse script Latin (uncial)
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Reverse description A plain cross with expanded arms extends to the periphery of the flan, dividing the field into four quadrants. Each quadrant contains a segment of the surrounding inscription in uncial Latin characters. The cross is boldly struck but irregular due to the hammered technique, with minor die shift visible. The legend distribution across the four sections follows the conventional Livonian monetary formula. The flan is uneven and shows typical medieval surface irregularity.
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Bernd von der Borch served as Master of the Livonian Order from 1471 to 1483, a tenure defined by aggressive territorial conflict with the Archbishop of Riga — a prolonged power struggle over control of the city that periodically turned violent. These small billon pfennigs were struck to fund and sustain Order operations during that friction, circulating through a Baltic commercial zone where Hanseatic trade made even the most debased small coinage functionally necessary.

At 0.35g, the silver content is negligible. Haljak's cataloguing of this type within the second volume reflects how late these Livonian minor coins were systematically documented.

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