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1 Pfennig - Bernd von der Borch Reval
| Issuer | Livonian Order |
|---|---|
| Year | 1471-1483 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Billon |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin (uncial) |
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| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Latin (uncial) |
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| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
Bernd von der Borch served as Master of the Livonian Order from 1471 to 1483, a tenure marked by aggressive territorial ambitions that repeatedly put the Order at odds with both Riga and the Archbishop. These Reval-struck pfennigs circulated in a Baltic commercial zone where German merchants, Danish interests, and Hanseatic trade routes all converged — billon coinage of this weight was the workhorse of small transactions in a market dominated by bulk goods like furs, wax, and grain.
Von der Borch was ultimately forced to resign the Mastership, exiled after political and military overreach left the Order financially and diplomatically exhausted.