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| 正面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
|---|---|
| 正面文字 | Latin (uncial) |
| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | A bold plain cross with splayed arms divides the reverse field into four sections, each containing a syllable of the monetary legend in uncial lettering. The legend reads MO-NE-TA-XO, distributed one syllable per quadrant in clockwise sequence, identifying this as a nova moneta issue. The coin exhibits the typical crude, hand-struck character of hammered medieval pfennigs, with an uneven flan and a beaded border visible along portions of the circumference. The overall design is simple yet consistent with contemporary Livonian coinage conventions of the mid-fifteenth century. |
| 背面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 附加信息 |
The Livonian Order struck these anonymous pfennigs at Reval — modern Tallinn — during a period when the Order's authority in the eastern Baltic was increasingly contested by both the Hanseatic League and the encroaching pressures from Novgorod. Attribution to the Order rather than the city itself remains a cataloger's judgment call; the coinage circulated interchangeably with municipal issues in a region where commercial need consistently outran administrative clarity. The Haljak and Neumann references remain the essential arbiters for distinguishing this type from closely related civic pfennigs of the same decades.