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1 Pfennig - Anonymous Reval
| Issuer | Livonian Order |
|---|---|
| Year | 1424-1471 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | 0.5 mm |
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| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin (uncial) |
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| Reverse description | A bold plain cross with splayed arms divides the reverse field into four sections, each containing a syllable of the monetary legend in uncial lettering. The legend reads MO-NE-TA-XO, distributed one syllable per quadrant in clockwise sequence, identifying this as a nova moneta issue. The coin exhibits the typical crude, hand-struck character of hammered medieval pfennigs, with an uneven flan and a beaded border visible along portions of the circumference. The overall design is simple yet consistent with contemporary Livonian coinage conventions of the mid-fifteenth century. |
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| Additional information |
The Livonian Order struck these anonymous pfennigs at Reval — modern Tallinn — during a period when the Order's authority in the eastern Baltic was increasingly contested by both the Hanseatic League and the encroaching pressures from Novgorod. Attribution to the Order rather than the city itself remains a cataloger's judgment call; the coinage circulated interchangeably with municipal issues in a region where commercial need consistently outran administrative clarity. The Haljak and Neumann references remain the essential arbiters for distinguishing this type from closely related civic pfennigs of the same decades.