1 Pfennig

Osnabrück occupied a peculiar constitutional position throughout the early 18th century: under the Peace of Westphalia (1648), the bishopric alternated between Catholic and Protestant rulers, making it one of the few territories in the Holy Roman Empire governed by formal confessional rotation. The city itself retained its own civic coinage rights independently of whoever held the episcopal throne, which is precisely why municipal issues like this pfennig continued to appear under the city's authority rather than the bishop's.

Kennepohl's catalog of Lower Saxon coinage remains the definitive reference for placing this emission within Osnabrück's civic mint sequence.