The Army of the North restrikes were produced under Pancho Villa's Villista administration in Chihuahua during the División del Norte's control of the state mint. By 1915, Villa's forces were losing ground to Carranza's Constitutionalists following the decisive defeats at Celaya in April and June of that year, and the monetary situation in northern Mexico had collapsed into a tangle of competing revolutionary currencies, each faction issuing its own coinage or paper money that rivals refused to honor. The copper restrike program was a direct response to chronic shortages of circulating specie.
The Army of the North restrikes were produced under Pancho Villa's Villista administration in Chihuahua during the División del Norte's control of the state mint. By 1915, Villa's forces were losing ground to Carranza's Constitutionalists following the decisive defeats at Celaya in April and June of that year, and the monetary situation in northern Mexico had collapsed into a tangle of competing revolutionary currencies, each faction issuing its own coinage or paper money that rivals refused to honor. The copper restrike program was a direct response to chronic shortages of circulating specie.