1 Peso

Banco de Barranquilla was a regional private bank operating under Colombia's free banking era, a period in which dozens of departmental and municipal banks issued their own currency with minimal federal oversight. The arrangement was chaotic by design — the 1886 constitution had decentralized monetary authority, and coastal commercial houses in Barranquilla were eager to finance the booming export trade in tobacco and coffee without depending on Bogotá.

By 1900, the country was deep into the Thousand Days War, the brutal civil conflict that effectively ended Colombia's free banking period. Notes issued that year circulated under extraordinary duress, and many regional banks did not survive the subsequent monetary reforms that established the exclusive note-issuing privilege of the Banco Central in 1905.