1 Peso

The Banco y Casa de Moneda de Buenos Aires was a provincial institution, not a national one — a distinction that mattered enormously in 1864. Argentina's provinces retained independent note-issuing powers well into the second half of the nineteenth century, and Buenos Aires, with its customs house revenues and dominant commercial position, was in no hurry to surrender that privilege to any federal authority. This note predates the Banco de la Provincia de Buenos Aires's eventual consolidation of provincial finance by several years.

The S-prefix in the Pick reference flags it as a private or quasi-governmental issue rather than a central bank emission. Surviving examples from this series frequently show pronounced foxing along the horizontal fold lines, a known characteristic of the paper stock used.