1 Peseta Villanueva de Córdoba

Villanueva de Córdoba is a small municipality in the northern Sierra of Córdoba province, and like hundreds of Spanish towns it resorted to locally issued paper fractional currency during the Civil War after coins vanished almost entirely from circulation in 1936–37. These municipal emergency notes — collectively known as billetes locales or papel moneda local — were produced under wildly varying conditions, often by local printers with no banknote experience, and the issuing councils had no formal authorization beyond practical necessity.

The absence of a Gari Monetary catalog number suggests this piece either remains unattributed in the main reference or surfaced after the relevant edition was compiled.