1 Peseta Valdepeñas de Jaén

Valdepeñas de Jaén is a small municipality in the sierra north of Jaén city, and its municipal council issued this peseta note as an emergency local substitute during the acute coin shortage that plagued Republican-held Spain from 1936 onward. With silver and copper coinage hoarded, melted, or simply absent from daily transactions, hundreds of Spanish municipalities — many of them tiny — printed their own cartones and vales just to keep commerce moving. The thick card stock was a practical choice: easier to produce locally without specialist printing equipment, and more durable than thin paper in daily handling.

Survival rates for these hyperlocal emissions vary wildly. Notes from small Jaén-province municipalities were rarely preserved systematically.