1 Peseta Tolva

Tolva is a small municipality in the Ribagorza comarca of Huesca, Aragon — deep in territory that fell under anarchist and republican control in the early weeks of the Spanish Civil War. Like dozens of Aragonese villages in late 1936, Tolva issued its own emergency fractional currency when the Republic's small-denomination coins vanished almost overnight, hoarded or melted as confidence in the peseta collapsed. These village-issued notes, collectively known as moneda de guerra or guerra civil local issues, were produced by collectives, municipalities, and trade union committees operating under wildly inconsistent authority.

The rubber stamp impression — typically applied to validate each note and deter simple paper forgery — is the only security measure on most Aragonese village issues of this type. Survival rates are erratic; some villages printed hundreds, others thousands, and the difference in scarcity today rarely maps onto population size.