1 Peseta Onda

Onda is a small ceramic-industry town in Castellón province, and like hundreds of Spanish municipalities it printed its own emergency small change during 1937 as Republican-zone coinage disappeared from circulation almost entirely. These local cartones — effectively cardboard tokens in note form — were produced under wartime improvisation, not by any central printing authority. Quality of materials and execution varied wildly from one town to the next, and Onda's issues reflect the ad hoc nature of the whole programme.

The Gari catalogue remains the primary reference for this chaotic class of Civil War municipal paper; without it, attribution would often be impossible.