1 Peseta Guardiola de Berga

Guardiola de Berga is a small municipality in the Berguedà comarca of Catalonia, and like hundreds of other Republican-controlled towns during the Civil War, it issued its own emergency fractional currency in 1937 when a nationwide coin shortage — accelerated by hoarding and wartime disruption — left local commerce without small change. The note was printed not even in Guardiola itself but at Imprenta Barral in the nearby town of La Pobla de Lillet, a telling detail about the improvised logistics of wartime local issue.

The sole security measure was an official municipal stamp applied after printing. Turró catalogued over 1,600 distinct Civil War municipal issues; this one sits among the more obscure, from a town whose wartime population was a few hundred.