1 Peseta Aldeanueva de Barbarroya

Aldeanueva de Barbarroya is a small municipality in Toledo province, and like hundreds of similar communities across Republican-held Spain, it issued its own emergency paper money during the Civil War (1936–39) when the central government could not adequately supply small-denomination coinage to the provinces. These local council notes — collectively catalogued under the broad "billetes de necesidad" category — were authorized under a 1937 Republican decree that formally permitted municipal and cooperative bodies to fill the fiduciary vacuum.

The Gari Monerris catalogue remains the primary reference for this material. Survival rates for issues from villages of this size are highly variable; print runs were small and redemption was rarely orderly.