1 Peseta 501st battalion

The 501st Battalion issued this note during the Spanish Civil War as a vale de campaña — a field token intended to allow soldiers to make small purchases within their unit's controlled area when the Republican Army's supply chain couldn't keep coin in circulation. These military fractional issues were authorized at the brigade and battalion level by the Republican government precisely because the physical coinage had effectively disappeared from the front, hoarded or melted by mid-1937.

Gràfiques Unificades was a Barcelona-area collective print shop operating under CNT-UGT worker control after the July 1936 anarchist uprising — printing a military scrip note from Granollers is exactly the kind of decentralized wartime production that makes these battalion issues so historically specific.