1 Penny - Edward I Sterling type, class 3d

Class 3d falls within the major recoinage Edward I initiated in 1279, an overhaul designed to address the catastrophic state of English silver currency — clipped, debased, and flooded with foreign imitations. The 3d subclass is distinguished primarily by its face bifoliate crown, a detail that matters considerably for attribution and sits at the boundary of a brief transitional window in production.

Minting occurred across multiple provincial exchanges beyond London, including Durham and Canterbury, each producing coins of variable die quality.