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1 Penning 'Kopje' - Reinoud II
| Issuer | Guelders, Duchy of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1339-1343 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Denier (Penning) (1⁄12) |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Facing bust of Reinoud II, Duke of Guelders, turned slightly to the left, depicted with flowing hair rendered in bold relief typical of medieval hammered coinage. The effigy is set within a beaded inner circle, surrounded by the ducal titular legend in uncial Latin characters. The portrait is executed in a primitive but characterful style consistent with mid-14th century Low Countries minting practice. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | A long cross pattée extending to the beaded inner circle, dividing the field into four quarters. The arms of the cross are broad and splayed at the terminals, characteristic of the pattée form found on medieval deniers of the Low Countries. A circular legend in uncial Latin script surrounds the central motif, contained between the inner beaded circle and the irregular coin edge. |
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| Additional information |
Reinoud II of Guelders minted these small deniers during a period of sustained territorial conflict with the bishopric of Utrecht and the duchy of Brabant, financing military campaigns through aggressive exploitation of his minting rights. The "kopje" type — named by later collectors for the small head on the obverse — was struck at multiple Guelders mints, and the vdCh 2#2.14-2.18 range reflects genuine die variation across those facilities rather than a single unified issue.
At roughly 0.40g, these were already underweight against earlier Guelders penning standards, consistent with the fiscal pressures of the period.