1 Patard / Stiver - Philip the Handsome crown within legend

Philip the Handsome spent much of his reign physically absent from Brabant, governing his Burgundian inheritance between extended stays in Spain following his marriage to Joanna of Castile. The Low Countries mints operated under delegated authority during these absences, and the patard issues of this period reflect successive monetary ordinances rather than a single coherent policy — accounting for the type variations that make precise attribution within the 1499–1506 window genuinely difficult.

Billon coinage of this fineness circulated hard in the regional market economy, and surviving examples with intact surfaces are rarer than the reference numbers suggest.