1 Patard - Robert of Berghes

Robert de Berghes held the see of Liège from 1557 until his death in 1564, a tenure complicated by the spreading influence of Calvinist reform in the Low Countries and sustained pressure from both Habsburg and French interests on the prince-bishopric's fragile independence. The patard was a workhorse denomination across the southern Netherlands throughout the sixteenth century, its silver content already under strain from decades of debasement politics that pitted secular lords against ecclesiastical mints competing for seigniorage.

Dengis 919 is not a common attribution in dealer stock — Liège episcopal coinage of this period is systematically underrepresented in major collections outside Belgium.