1 Patagon - Philip IV

Artois remained under Habsburg authority through this period not by geography alone but by the terms of the 1598 Treaty of Vervins, which confirmed Spanish control over the county after decades of contested Franco-Spanish frontier warfare. Philip IV's administration struck patagons across the southern Netherlands as a practical monetary instrument for paying troops and settling commercial debts in a region that changed hands with uncomfortable frequency — Artois would fall definitively to France by the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, making the entire Artesian patagon series a relatively compressed coinage history of under four decades.