1 Pardau - João VI Big armillary sphere, Goa mint

João VI issued this Goa coinage during an extraordinarily fractured moment: Brazil had declared independence in 1822, and Portugal's grip on its remaining Asian possessions was tightening into something closer to administrative reflex than imperial ambition. The Goa mint, one of the oldest European mints in Asia, had been operating intermittently for centuries by this point, and its output during the early 1820s reflects the broader disruption — production runs were inconsistent and surviving examples vary noticeably in die alignment and striking pressure.

João VI died in March 1826, making this a short terminal issue for his reign in the Indian possessions.