1 Pagoda - Venkata Raya III

Historical Context: This 1 Pagoda gold coin, issued between 1632 and 1642, belongs to the reign of Venkata Raya III, a period of profound decline for the once-mighty Vijayanagara Empire. Operating primarily from Chandragiri and Vellore, Venkata Raya III, also known as Peda Venkata Raya, struggled relentlessly against powerful Nayaka chieftains and encroaching Deccan Sultanates. This coinage represents a final, poignant assertion of imperial authority amidst widespread fragmentation and internal strife, serving as a critical numismatic record of a dying empire’s last stand.

Artistry: The artistry of this Pagoda reflects the established Vijayanagara stylistic school, though specific engravers from this tumultuous period remain anonymous. The obverse typically features a stylized depiction of Lord Venkateswara (Balaji) standing, often holding a conch and discus, embodying the empire's strong Hindu devotional character. The reverse commonly bears a Nagari legend, identifying the ruler or a significant regnal title. While often robust, the execution can vary significantly, reflecting the challenges of a decentralized administration and regional minting practices.

Technical/Grading: Struck in gold with a standard weight of 3.42 grams, this coin's technical qualities are typical for late Vijayanagara issues. High-points susceptible to wear or weak strike include the deity's head and attributes on the obverse, and the central characters of the Nagari legend on the reverse. Planchets were frequently hand-prepared, leading to some irregularity in shape and thickness. Collectors should prioritize strong, centered strikes, full detail on both sides, and minimal die wear, which are crucial for achieving higher grades given the inherent variability of these historical issues.