1 Pagoda - Chalukyas of Kalyani

The Chalukyas of Kalyani, ruling from their capital in the Deccan, issued gold pagodas during a period of near-constant military contest with the Cholas to the south and the Paramaras to the north. The dynasty's monetary output during the eleventh century reflects the sustained wealth drawn from control of trade routes connecting the western coast to the interior plateau — wealth that funded decades of warfare and temple construction simultaneously.

KM# 20 attributions for this type remain contested among specialists; die linkage studies have been limited, and regional hoards have produced enough variation to suggest multiple issuing mints operating without strict central oversight.