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1 Pagoda - Bukkaraya I Hanuman Type

Issuer Empire of Vijayanagara (Indian Hindu Dynasties)
Year 1354-1377
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Currency Pagoda
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Reverse script Kannada
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Edge Plain
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Additional information

Bukkaraya I consolidated Vijayanagara power during a period of near-constant military pressure from the Bahmani Sultanate to the north, and gold pagodas issued under his reign functioned as much as diplomatic and mercantile instruments as they did currency — the empire's control of the Deccan gold trade gave these coins their authority. The "possibly debased" composition flag on this type reflects genuine scholarly uncertainty: Vijayanagara gold issues from this period show inconsistent fineness across die varieties, likely tied to fluctuating tribute payments and war financing rather than any systematic debasement policy.

KM#176 is among the earlier attributions in the Vijayanagara pagoda sequence, and accurate reign-assignment remains contested in specialist literature.

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