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1 Pagoda - Bukkaraya I

Issuer Vijayanagara, Empire of
Year 1344-1377
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Value 1 Pagoda
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Obverse description Central field depicts the deity Venkateshvara (Balaji) seated in a stylized, frontal posture, rendered in bold low relief characteristic of early Vijayanagara hammered coinage. The figure is shown with multiple arms, one hand raised holding a floral or fan-like object, likely a lotus or fly-whisk, while additional attributes are held in the remaining hands. A prominent circular pellet appears above the deity's head, possibly representing a crown or halo. The flan is irregular and slightly clipped at the edges, as is typical for hammered gold pagodas of this period. No legend appears on this face.
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Reverse script Kannada
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Additional information

Bukkaraya I ruled as the second sovereign of the Vijayanagara Empire during a period of sustained military pressure from the Bahmani Sultanate to the north, a rivalry that would define the empire's politics for the next two centuries. The pagoda denomination itself — derived from the Sanskrit term for temple — was the primary gold unit of the Deccan and southern India throughout this period, circulating widely enough to appear in the account books of foreign traders along the Malabar coast.

KM#156 attributions for this type remain contested among specialists; Vijayanagara gold is notoriously difficult to assign to specific reigns due to conservative die-cutting practices and the absence of regnal dating.

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