1 Oord - Albert and Isabella Roermond

Roermond's mint operated under Spanish Habsburg authority during a period when the southern Netherlands remained under Crown control while the northern provinces fought for independence. Small copper fractions like this oord were struck to address chronic shortages of low-denomination coinage — shortages made worse by hoarding, war disruption, and the flight of skilled tradespeople northward into the rebellious provinces. The mint's output during the Albert and Isabella regency was substantial but geographically constrained, circulating primarily within Guelders and the immediate surrounding region.

GH#322 encompasses multiple die marriages across the 1606–1612 production window, and minor legend variations exist between earlier and later strikes.