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1 Noble - Richard II London mint, type IV
| Issuer | Kingdom of England |
|---|---|
| Year | 1377-1399 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1 Noble (⅓) |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | A large floriated cross fleury at centre, with a lion passant guardant in each of the four angles formed by the cross arms. The whole is set within a cusped quadrilobe (quatrefoil) frame, each lobe containing a lis (fleur-de-lis) at the cusps. Trefoils and other ornamental devices decorate the intervening spaces. The reverse legend, taken from Luke 4:30, runs in Gothic script between two beaded borders around the full circumference, invoking divine protection. The design exhibits the refined but bold hammered style characteristic of the London Mint under Richard II. |
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| Mint | London Mint |
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| Additional information |
Richard II's nobles continued the denomination his grandfather Edward III had introduced in 1344, but the type IV classification places this piece within the latter portion of his reign — a period defined by increasingly erratic royal finances, forced loans from London merchants, and Richard's ultimately fatal attempt to rule without parliamentary constraint. The Merciless Parliament of 1388 had already executed several of his closest advisors before he reasserted control in 1397, only to be deposed by Bolingbroke two years later.
The London mint designation matters here: provincial output from Calais ran concurrently, and the two mints produced subtly distinct dies. North 1304 specimens from London are distinguished by specific annulet and pellet combinations in the mm sequence.