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1 Noble - Richard II Calais mint, type IB
| Issuer | England |
|---|---|
| Year | 1377-1399 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | RIC ARD `x D `x G `x REX x AnGL `x Z x FRAnC `x D `x hIB `x Z x AQ (Translation: Richard by the Grace of God King of England and France Lord of Ireland and Aquitaine) |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Richard II's noble coinage was administratively inherited from Edward III's monetary settlement of 1351, which had fixed the noble at 80 grains of gold specifically to align with Florentine and Flemish trade currencies. The Calais mint operated as England's continental commercial arm — its entire purpose was facilitating wool staple transactions, and virtually every noble struck there moved directly into merchant hands rather than domestic circulation. Type IB represents a minor but cataloguable shift in lettering and annulet placement from the opening issues of the reign.
Richard's fiscal mismanagement and heavy purveyance demands kept the mints intermittently busy through the 1390s, though output varied sharply year to year.