1 Mun Ho

Cast rather than struck, the 1 Mun was produced under the Joseon dynasty's early attempts to establish a functioning coin economy — an uphill effort in a society where grain and linen cloth had served as the dominant exchange media for centuries. Popular resistance to metal coinage was stubborn enough that multiple government campaigns were required to force adoption, with limited success.

KM#3 represents the Injo-era issue, cast at government furnaces following the fiscal disruptions of the Japanese invasions of the 1590s and the Manchu incursion of 1627.