1 Mithqal - Muhammad Khodabanda Safavi type B, Kashan mint

Muhammad Khodabanda (r. 1578–1587) was a nearly blind shah thrust onto the Safavid throne after the assassination of his nephew Ismail II, whose paranoid purges had decimated the royal family. His reign was effectively controlled first by his wife Mahd-i Ulya and then by competing Qizilbash factions — the coinage issued in his name reflects a functioning state apparatus operating largely around a figurehead. Kashan was among the more productive mints of the period, sitting on major caravan routes connecting Isfahan to the north.

The Type B designation distinguishes this issue from earlier mithqal strikings of the same reign by calligraphic arrangement.