1 Mithqal - Muhammad Khodabanda Safavi type A, Isfahan mint

Muhammad Khodabanda came to the throne in 1578 almost by accident — he was effectively blind, passed over for succession for years precisely because of it, and only elevated after the murder of his brother Ismail II. The Isfahan mint was active under his reign, though real power shifted almost immediately to his wife, Mahd-i Ulya, who directed court politics until her own assassination in 1579.

The mithqal weight standard ties this piece directly to the Persian monetary tradition predating the Safavids, retained deliberately as a mark of dynastic continuity.