1 Mahmudi - Yahya

The Sharifate of Mecca occupied an unusual political position in the early nineteenth century — nominally under Ottoman suzerainty but functionally autonomous, and briefly caught between Ottoman authority and the expanding Wahhabi movement out of Najd. By 1815, Sharif Yahya ibn Surur held Mecca following the Ottoman-Egyptian campaign that expelled the Wahhabis from the Hijaz, making this issue one of the few copper coinages struck under his name during a tenure defined more by outside military pressure than by administrative consolidation.