1 Leu 200 years since the Revolution of 1821 led by Tudor Vladimirescu

The Revolution of 1821 was not a straightforward independence movement. Tudor Vladimirescu led his Wallachian pandur forces against both the Phanariot Greek administration installed by the Ottomans and, simultaneously, navigated a parallel uprising by the Filiki Eteria under Alexander Ypsilantis — two revolutionary currents operating in the same territory with incompatible goals. Vladimirescu was seized by Ypsilantis's men and executed in June 1821, accused of negotiating with the Ottomans.

The uprising's lasting consequence was the end of Phanariot rule in the Danubian Principalities, with native Romanian boyars restored to governing positions by 1822.