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1 Leal - João III Goa mint

Issuer Portuguese India
Year 1522-1557
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse lettering Y::
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Edge Plain
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Additional information

João III authorized local copper coinage for Portuguese India partly to address the chronic shortage of small-denomination currency in Goa, where imported Portuguese copper was impractical for everyday market transactions. The leal — a unit inherited from pre-conquest monetary practice in the region — was retained deliberately to ease acceptance among local populations already familiar with the denomination.

Gomes catalogues this type under a single variety, but die workmanship varies considerably across the thirty-five year emission window, reflecting multiple engravers and at minimum two distinct production periods at the Goa mint.

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