1 Kwartnik - Ladislaus

The Duchy of Bytom-Kosel was one of the fragmented Silesian principalities that emerged from the Piast dynastic divisions of the late 13th century, when Silesia splintered into a patchwork of competing minor lordships. Ladislaus of Bytom ruled a territory squeezed between rival Piast branches and Bohemian pressure, giving his coinage a practical rather than prestige function — small silver for local exchange in a politically unstable region.

The kwartnik denomination itself was introduced into Silesian circulation during this period as a fractional unit, its name derived from its quarter-value relationship to the larger grosz.