1 Kuruş Avar Khanate

Issued as part of Turkey's "Forgotten Anatolian States" commemorative series, this piece honors the Avar Khanate — a nomadic empire that, at its seventh-century peak, besieged Constantinople twice and extracted enormous tribute payments from Byzantium. The Avars never controlled Anatolian territory in any meaningful administrative sense, which makes their inclusion in a Turkish commemorative program a reflection of modern pan-Turkic historical framing rather than strict geographic lineage.