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1 Kupang - Taj ul-Alam Safiatuddin Shah
| Issuer | Sultanate of Aceh |
|---|---|
| Year | 1641-1675 |
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| Currency | Kupang |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | ڤادك سر سلطانه تج العالم (Translation: Her Highness Sultanah Taj ul-Alam) |
| Reverse description | Central field carries the continuation of the sultana's royal title in a three-line Arabic inscription, enclosed within a beaded circle border matching that of the obverse. The legend reads 'Safiatuddin Berdaulat Shah' (Safiatuddin's sovereign rule), completing the full royal titulature begun on the obverse. The calligraphic style is consistent with that of the obverse, reflecting the hammered production technique typical of Acehnese kupang gold coinage. The plain field within the beaded border bears no additional ornamental devices. |
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| Additional information |
Taj ul-Alam Safiatuddin Shah ruled Aceh for 34 years following the death of Iskandar Thani in 1641, becoming one of four consecutive female sultanas whose reigns provoked a fatwa from Mecca in 1699 declaring it unlawful for women to hold sovereign authority in Aceh. The fatwa came too late to affect her reign but ended the succession of female rulers entirely. This kupang was struck under a ruler who maintained Aceh's position as a major pepper-trading power in the Strait of Malacca despite sustained Dutch VOC pressure to monopolize the spice trade.