1 Kupang - Mansur Malik

Samudra-Pasai, on the northern tip of Sumatra, is widely regarded as the first Islamic sultanate in Southeast Asia, and coinage in the name of Malik al-Salih and his successors marks the earliest known gold Islamic currency struck in the region. This piece falls within the reign of his son, Al-Malik al-Zahir, whose rule was noted by Ibn Battuta during his 1345 visit — he described the sultan as a pious and learned ruler who engaged in Maliki legal debates. The kupang denomination itself became the template for gold coinage across subsequent Malay polities for centuries.