1 Kreuzer War of Independence Coinage

Hungary's revolutionary government authorized copper coinage in 1848 partly from necessity — the Austrian imperial administration had effectively cut off the supply of small-denomination coins to the rebel territories. The Nagybánya mint handled production under increasingly difficult wartime conditions, and the campaign ended in August 1849 when Russian forces intervened at Habsburg request, crushing the revolution within weeks of the final strikes.

Multiple die varieties are catalogued under the Adamo B1 and B1.1 designations, distinguished primarily by differences in the shield and lettering details.