1 Kreuzer - Louis II

Hesse-Darmstadt's kreuzer coinage of this period was produced under the monetary framework of the German States Convention, which attempted — with limited success — to harmonize small-denomination billon issues across the fragmented southwest German states. Louis II had joined the German Customs Union (Zollverein) in 1828, and the pressure to standardize coinage followed naturally, though individual states retained enough autonomy to issue their own types well into the 1860s.