1 Kreuzer - Louis I

Louis I had been Grand Duke for barely a year when this series began, his title itself a Napoleonic gift following Hesse-Darmstadt's participation in the Confederation of the Rhine. The small billon kreuzer was the workhorse of everyday exchange in a state whose finances were strained by the obligations of that alliance — troop levies, road construction, and contributions to French campaigns all pressed hard on the treasury throughout this issue's production run.