1 Kreuzer - Dominik Constantine

Historical Context: This 1 Kreuzer coin, issued in 1790, hails from the Principality of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort under Dominik Constantine (reigned 1789-1815). It represents the coinage of a minor German state within the Holy Roman Empire, an entity on the cusp of profound geopolitical transformation. Dominik Constantine was the last sovereign Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort before the principality's mediatization in 1806, when it lost its independence to larger neighboring states during the Napoleonic era. This coin, therefore, serves as a tangible link to a fleeting period of autonomy for the house of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort, just prior to its integration into the newly formed Confederation of the Rhine.

Artistry: The design of this small silver Kreuzer, typical of late 18th-century German state coinage, reflects a pragmatic blend of Late Baroque flourishes and emerging Neoclassical simplicity. While the specific engraver is rarely recorded for such minor denominations, the style is characteristic of regional mints. The obverse likely features a crowned monogram of Dominik Constantine, often incorporating the letters "DC," signifying the ruler's authority. The reverse would typically display the denomination "1 KREUZER" and the date "1790," often within a simple cartouche or wreath. The small flan size (16mm) necessitated a concise and legible design, prioritizing identification over elaborate artistic detail, yet maintaining princely dignity.

Technical/Grading: Struck on a small (16mm), thin flan of 0.71 grams of silver, this 1 Kreuzer often exhibits characteristics common to quickly produced minor coinage. High-points for wear would typically include the raised elements of the crown on the monogram and any details within the legend or date. Due to the small size and often hurried striking, examples frequently display weak strikes, particularly on the outer legends or peripheral design elements. Centering can also be variable. Original mint luster is rare on circulated pieces, often appearing as a subdued sheen or completely absent. Collectors should look for clear date and denomination, along with well-defined elements of the princely monogram, as indicators of a higher grade.